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Warfare History

Ghosts of the Trenches: Camouflage Tactics in World War I

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7. Dazzle Camouflage on Ships

eb1922 camouflage periscope view
Claimed effectiveness: Artist’s conception of a U-boat commander’s periscope view of a merchant ship in dazzle camouflage (left) and the same ship uncamouflaged (right), Encyclopædia Britannica, 1922. The conspicuous markings obscure the ship’s heading. Source: Wikipedia

On the seas, camouflage took a bold turn with the invention of dazzle camouflage. Unlike traditional concealment, dazzle used striking geometric patterns and contrasting colors to disrupt a ship’s outline.
These designs confused enemy rangefinders, making it difficult to judge a vessel’s speed and direction. As explained by Royal Museums Greenwich, dazzle camouflage didn’t hide ships but made them much harder to target, turning entire fleets into moving optical illusions.

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