13. Natural Disasters
Natural catastrophes—such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and prolonged drought—have played pivotal roles in the downfall of entire civilizations. The eruption of Thera devastated Minoan Crete, while drought contributed to the Akkadian Empire’s collapse. These disasters rarely act alone; instead, they amplify existing vulnerabilities. The USGS chronicles the profound historical effects of such events, reminding us how nature’s force can hasten societal decline.
