11. Viking Sunstones
Viking sunstones are fascinating artifacts believed to have been used by Norse navigators to locate the sun’s position on cloudy days. These crystal-like stones, particularly calcite, can polarize light, allowing users to determine the sun’s direction even when obscured by clouds. This technique demonstrates an advanced understanding of optics and light manipulation.
Historical texts, including the sagas, hint at the use of sunstones during long sea voyages, enabling Vikings to navigate across vast and treacherous waters. The ability to accurately find direction using these stones showcases the ingenuity of Viking explorers and their sophisticated approach to navigation.
