15. Finland and Sweden’s Turbulent NATO Bids (2022-2023)
In response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Finland and Sweden applied for NATO membership in May 2022, ending their longstanding policies of military non-alignment. However, their accession faced significant hurdles due to objections from Turkey and Hungary. Turkey, led by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, accused the Nordic countries of harboring members of Kurdish groups it considers terrorist organizations, leading to a delay in Sweden’s ratification process. Hungary also delayed Sweden’s accession, citing concerns over the country’s support for Ukraine. Despite these challenges, Finland joined NATO in April 2023, becoming its 31st member. Sweden’s membership was finalized in February 2024, marking a significant shift in European security dynamics. These events underscored the complexities of expanding the alliance and the intricate diplomatic negotiations involved (politico.eu).
