3. The Nullification Crisis (1832-1833)
In 1832, South Carolina declared federal tariffs null and void, challenging the federal government’s authority and threatening secession. President Andrew Jackson responded firmly, urging Congress to pass a Force Bill to empower federal troops to collect tariffs in South Carolina. This confrontation highlighted the deepening tensions between state and federal powers, nearly leading to armed conflict. The crisis was resolved when Congress reduced the tariffs, averting war and preserving the Union (history.com).
