3. Matchstick Maker
Working as a matchstick maker in the 1800s exposed workers to dangerous levels of white phosphorus. This toxic substance led to a debilitating condition known as “phossy jaw”, characterized by severe jaw pain, swelling, and necrosis of the jawbone. The exposure to phosphorus fumes in poorly ventilated factories caused this horrific disease, which was often fatal if left untreated. Despite the severe health risks, many continued to work in these conditions due to economic necessity. The plight of matchstick makers eventually led to public outcry and reforms. For further reading, visit this Science Museum article.
