4. The Rape of Nanjing (1937-1938)
During the Sino-Japanese War, the city of Nanjing witnessed one of the most horrific massacres of the twentieth century. Japanese troops invaded and unleashed a campaign of widespread rape, murder, and looting against Chinese civilians and prisoners of war. Death toll estimates range from 100,000 to 300,000, with countless more traumatized by the brutality. Despite its scale, the Nanjing Massacre remains a highly sensitive and often downplayed subject in Japanese education, sparking ongoing debate and demands for acknowledgment. Read more.
