10. Scientific Instruments: Astrolabes and Navigation
The astrolabe, an ancient instrument refined by Islamic scholars, was pivotal in advancing European navigation during the Age of Discovery. Islamic astronomers like Al-Zarqali (Arzachel) enhanced the astrolabe’s design, introducing complex configurations that allowed for detailed celestial mapping. (equantu.com) These innovations enabled European explorers to determine their latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or stars above the horizon, facilitating long-distance sea voyages and the discovery of new lands. (astronimus.com)
