6. Kuomintang (KMT) in Mainland China
The Kuomintang (KMT) led China through significant periods of war and modernization in the early 20th century. However, after being defeated by Mao Zedong’s Communist forces in 1949, the KMT retreated to Taiwan, losing its dominance on the mainland. While the KMT remains influential in Taiwan, it has not regained its former global prominence. For more on its fall, see the Council on Foreign Relations (hoover.org).
