12. Public Health and Sanitation
Roman engineering delivered public baths, sewers, and extensive aqueducts, setting new standards for urban cleanliness and health. Meanwhile, Persian advancements in hygiene and water management contributed significantly to communal well-being. These ancient priorities underpin modern public health systems, emphasizing sanitation, access to clean water, and preventive care. The influence of Roman and Persian innovations is still seen in today’s infrastructure and health policies.
