12. Criticisms of the Dog Self-Domestication Hypothesis
Despite its appeal, the self-domestication hypothesis has its critics. Some scholars argue that it underestimates the role of humans in shaping early dog populations. Even if early wolves self-selected for tameness, humans probably played an increasingly important role over time. Our ancestors would have favored individuals with desirable traits such as loyalty, attentiveness, or specific behaviors like retrieving or herding. Another criticism is that the hypothesis relies heavily on analogies with modern animal behavior and experiments like fox domestication, which may not perfectly replicate ancient conditions.
The genetics of domestication are complex and influenced by many factors beyond behavior alone. Additionally, the timing and geographic spread of dog domestication remain contentious and incomplete. Some regions show earlier signs of domesticated dogs than others. That suggests that multiple domestication events or centers may have existed, and complicates the narrative. As seen below, the self-domestication hypothesis raises broader questions about human evolution.
