4. Guru Arjan Dev
Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth Sikh Guru, endured horrific torture and was executed in 1606 for refusing to renounce his faith. His martyrdom became a defining moment for Sikhism, strengthening the community’s commitment to justice, resilience, and spiritual integrity. Guru Arjan’s sacrifice laid the foundation for the Sikh philosophy of standing up against oppression and injustice, inspiring future generations to defend their beliefs with courage and compassion (via SikhNet).
