6. Shackling and Chaining
Enslaved individuals were often subjected to shackling and chaining as severe forms of punishment. Heavy iron shackles were applied to wrists and ankles, causing significant pain and restricting movement. These restraints made daily tasks more arduous and escape attempts nearly impossible. Publicly displaying such restraints served as a stark warning to others, reinforcing the consequences of defiance (via urbanmuseumcollaborative.org).
