1. Class Struggle as Historical Progress
Marx saw history as driven by class struggle between workers and owners, leading to a natural overthrow of capitalism. He believed this would happen through collective awareness and economic conditions. “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles,” he declared in The Communist Manifesto. This theory formed the backbone of his worldview and explained societal transformation as conflicts between economic classes with opposing interests, eventually culminating in socialism.
