13. Mary Surratt
Mary Surratt, born in 1823, was a boardinghouse owner in Washington, D.C., who became the first woman executed by the U.S. federal government. She was convicted in 1865 for her alleged role in the conspiracy to assassinate President Abraham Lincoln. Her trial and execution highlighted the intense emotions and political pressures of the post-Civil War era, raising questions about justice, gender, and the rule of law. More details are available at National Archives.
