1. Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Nietzsche’s concept of the ‘Übermensch’ (Overman) was intended as an ideal for individuals to transcend conventional morality and create their own values. However, this idea was misappropriated by fascist ideologies to promote notions of racial superiority, despite Nietzsche’s explicit opposition to anti-Semitism and nationalism. He criticized both, stating he would have “all anti-semites shot (en.wikipedia.org).”
