10. Catharism
Catharism was a powerful Christian dualist movement that flourished in southern France and northern Italy between the 12th and 14th centuries. Adherents, called “Perfects,” rejected the authority of the Catholic Church and promoted a strict, ascetic lifestyle. The movement grew rapidly until it was brutally suppressed during the Albigensian Crusade. Though Catharism vanished, its ideals and stories continue to intrigue historians. History Today on Cathars
