Ernest Hemingway was more than just a writer—he was a war hero, an adventurer, a secret agent, and a man surrounded by mystery. His life was as thrilling as his novels, filled with lost manuscripts, near-death experiences, and hidden struggles. Here are 30 intriguing facts about the legendary author.
30. He Had Over 30 Concussions in His Lifetime
Hemingway’s adventurous life came with a heavy cost—he suffered more than 30 documented concussions, many from war, fights, and various accidents. These repeated head injuries are believed to have contributed significantly to his later health issues, including severe depression and memory loss, which plagued him in his final years.
29. He Survived Two Plane Crashes in Two Days
In 1954, while in Africa, Hemingway survived two plane crashes in consecutive days. The second crash left him with severe burns, a ruptured liver, and a fractured skull. Despite his injuries, he famously used a bottle of whiskey to ease the pain while waiting to be rescued, displaying his unyielding toughness.
28. Hemingway Was a World War II Spy
During World War II, Hemingway worked for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the precursor to the CIA. He ran his own spy network, known as the “Crook Factory,” based in Cuba. There, he tracked Nazi activity in the Caribbean, blending his literary skills with covert operations.
27. He Was in Paris During the Liberation
In 1944, Hemingway was present during the liberation of Paris and, though not formally enlisted, unofficially led a small group of resistance fighters. His involvement in direct combat as a civilian-led to reprimands, but the incident only fueled the growing legend of his adventurous and rebellious spirit.
26. His First Wife Lost His Early Manuscripts
In 1922, Hemingway’s first wife, Hadley Richardson, lost a suitcase containing nearly all of his early writings at a train station in Paris. This devastating loss forced him to start over, reshaping his creative process. It played a pivotal role in developing his later minimalist style, which became a hallmark of his work.
25. He Won the Nobel Prize But Was Too Sick to Accept It
Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 for his novel The Old Man and the Sea, which solidified his place as a literary giant. Due to his deteriorating health, he could not travel to Sweden to accept the honor in person. His acceptance speech was instead read on his behalf.
24. He Had a Lifelong Fear of the Number 13
Hemingway had triskaidekaphobia, an irrational fear of the number 13. His superstition was so strong that he avoided rooms, hotel floors, and even book chapter numbers that contained 13. This quirky habit became well known among his friends, who often found his aversion to the number both puzzling and intriguing.
23. Hemingway Allegedly Worked on a Lost Novel About Africa
Some believe Hemingway wrote a now-lost novel about his African safaris, filled with thrilling tales of hunting, adventure, and his encounters with wildlife. Shrouded in mystery, the manuscript remains unfinished, with only a few fragments ever surfacing. The contents continue to captivate scholars, leaving fans eager for its discovery.
22. His Death Was Ruled a Suicide—But Was It?
In 1961, Hemingway was found dead from a gunshot wound. Officially ruled a suicide, some speculate it was an accident, influenced by his deteriorating mental state and increasing paranoia. His father, brother, and sister also died by suicide, raising questions about a possible genetic link to depression in the Hemingway family.
21. He Had a Secret FBI File
J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI kept a close watch on Hemingway, suspecting his potential involvement in espionage due to his travels and political connections. His FBI file spanned over 120 pages, revealing that he was monitored for decades, adding an air of mystery to the author’s already enigmatic life.
20. He Was a Boxer and Loved to Fight
Hemingway frequently participated in amateur boxing matches and even sparred with professional fighters, enjoying the physical challenge. His love for testing his strength extended beyond the ring, as he often provoked strangers in bars to get into real fights. This impulsive desire for confrontation mirrored his bold, fearless personality.
19. He Owned Dozens of Cats with Extra Toes
At his home in Key West, Hemingway kept a special breed of cats with six toes—a genetic trait passed down through generations. These polydactyl cats became a beloved part of his household. Today, their descendants still roam the grounds of his former estate, maintaining a unique connection to his legacy.
18. He Fished with Presidents
Hemingway loved deep-sea fishing and often embarked on expeditions with notable figures, including President Franklin D. Roosevelt. These thrilling adventures on the open water fueled his passion for the sea. His profound experiences and connection to the ocean directly inspired The Old Man and the Sea, capturing his themes of struggle and endurance.
17. He Once Shot a Shark to Save a Catch
On one of his fishing trips, Hemingway reportedly shot a shark with a machine gun to stop it from stealing his prized marlin. This dramatic encounter inspired scenes in “The Old Man and the Sea,” where the protagonist battles not just the fish but the challenges and dangers of nature itself.
16. He Was Almost Killed in the Spanish Civil War
While covering the Spanish Civil War as a journalist, Hemingway found himself under fire multiple times, experiencing the dangers of war firsthand. These intense moments deeply influenced his writing, particularly in For Whom the Bell Tolls, where he captured the emotional and physical toll of conflict through vivid, personal accounts.
15. Hemingway’s House in Cuba Remains Untouched
Hemingway’s Cuban home, Finca Vigía, remains preserved exactly as he left it, offering a glimpse into his life. After fleeing Cuba in 1960, Hemingway never returned, leaving behind his personal belongings, books, and unfinished writings. The home stands frozen in time, offering an intimate connection to his final years.
14. He Wrote Standing Up
Hemingway believed that writing while standing helped him stay focused and maintain energy throughout his creative process. His Key West writing desk was chest-high and designed to allow him to type or write longhand while standing. This unconventional habit reflected his need for both physical and mental engagement during writing.
13. His Favorite Drink Was a Special Daiquiri
Hemingway had a deep love for daiquiris but ordered them without sugar due to his battle with diabetes. His modified version, known as the “Hemingway Special,” became legendary and is still served at bars in Havana today. This iconic drink remains a testament to both his personality and lifestyle.
12. He Had a Strange Obsession with Death
Hemingway frequently discussed death and had a deep, often unsettling fascination with it. He attempted suicide multiple times throughout his life, reflecting his ongoing struggles with mental health. His interests in bullfighting, war, and dangerous adventures echoed his desire to face life’s extremes, seeking meaning in both violence and risk.
11. He Inspired a Medical Condition Name: “Hemingway Syndrome”
Some psychologists use “Hemingway Syndrome” to describe men who engage in self-destructive, hyper-masculine behavior, often as a reflection of Hemingway’s own tumultuous lifestyle. This behavior includes recklessness, excessive drinking, and a need for dominance, mirroring the author’s pursuit of adventure and constant struggle with his inner demons.
10. He Was a War Hero But Never a Soldier
Although Hemingway never officially served as a soldier, he was awarded military medals for his bravery as an ambulance driver during World War I. Despite being wounded himself, he continued his mission to help others. His experiences on the frontlines profoundly influenced his writing, adding realism and depth to his work.
9. He Owned a Machine Gun on His Boat
Hemingway’s beloved fishing boat, Pilar, was outfitted with a machine gun, a testament to his adventurous spirit. During World War II, he planned to use the weapon to fight Nazi submarines lurking in the Caribbean. Though he never engaged in battle, the boat became an iconic symbol of his daring personality.
8. Hemingway’s Final Work Was Published Posthumously
Hemingway’s novel The Garden of Eden was published posthumously in 1986, 25 years after his death. The novel’s controversial themes, including gender identity and sexual exploration, led to parts being edited or removed before its release. Despite these changes, the book offers a unique glimpse into Hemingway’s evolving literary voice.
7. He Once Smuggled Guns into Cuba
Hemingway was suspected of smuggling guns into Cuba, allegedly to aid revolutionaries during the Cuban Revolution. He had strong ties to the island and often supported political causes through his actions. While rumors circulated about his involvement, the full extent of his role in the revolution remains uncertain, adding to his mystique.
6. He Wrote His First Novel in Just Six Weeks
Hemingway wrote The Sun Also Rises in just six weeks in 1926 while traveling through Spain, inspired by his experiences with fellow expatriates. The novel, featuring characters grappling with post-World War I disillusionment, became the defining work of the “Lost Generation.” Its stark, minimalist style marked a pivotal shift in literary history.
5. His Writing Style Changed Literature
Hemingway’s signature style of short, direct sentences revolutionized literature, departing from the elaborate, flowery prose popular in his time. His minimalist approach emphasized clarity and precision, allowing his words to hit with emotional power. This innovative style influenced countless writers, making him a pivotal figure in 20th-century literature.
4. His Friends Were Legendary
Hemingway formed lasting friendships with literary and artistic icons like F. Scott Fitzgerald, Pablo Picasso, and James Joyce. The group frequently gathered in the bohemian quarters of Paris and Spain, sharing wild nights of conversation, creativity, and inspiration. Their camaraderie profoundly shaped Hemingway’s writing and artistic perspective.
3. He Had 4 Wives, and Each Marriage Ended Dramatically
Hemingway married four times, each ending with him leaving one wife for another woman. His love life was as turbulent and dramatic as the stories he wrote, filled with passion, betrayal, and heartbreak. Each wife influenced his work, shaping the complex and often tragic relationships portrayed in his novels.
2. His Funeral Reflected His Tragic End
After Hemingway’s suicide on July 2, 1961, his funeral was a small, private ceremony held in Ketchum, Idaho. Only close family and friends attended, mourning the loss of a literary giant whose extraordinary talent was ultimately overshadowed by years of declining health, depression, and paranoia. His grave remains a pilgrimage site today.
1. A Hidden Safe May Hold Lost Manuscripts
Rumors persist that Hemingway hid unpublished manuscripts in a secret safe, which was never recovered after his death. Some believe these lost works remain locked away in Cuba, hidden in his former home, Finca Vigía. They could reveal unknown stories and insights into his brilliant yet turbulent mind if discovered.