Strange History

13 Bizarre Jobs People Actually Held in the Middle Ages

Darren - May 28, 2025

The Middle Ages, often shrouded in mystique, was a time vibrant with unique and offbeat professions. As society was structured in a way that demanded specialized roles, many of these jobs may seem strange today. Yet, they were integral to the functioning of medieval communities. From rat catchers to gong farmers, people of the Middle Ages held positions that might surprise modern sensibilities. This exploration into the unusual roles of the past will not only entertain but also provide insight into the fabric of medieval society. Dive in as we uncover the most bizarre jobs from this fascinating era.

NEXT >>

1. Leech Collector

Among the bizarre professions of the Middle Ages, the leech collector held a particularly intriguing role. These individuals waded into marshes and ponds, often barefoot, to gather leeches. These slimy creatures were in high demand due to the widespread practice of bloodletting, a common medical treatment of the time. Leeches were believed to balance bodily humors by drawing blood from patients. The job was not only physically demanding but also risky, as collectors exposed themselves to the elements and potential infections. Nevertheless, their work was considered essential to medieval healthcare.

<< Previous

NEXT >>

2. Gong Farmer

In the medieval urban landscape, sanitation was a significant challenge, and the gong farmer played a crucial yet undesirable role. These workers were tasked with cleaning out human waste from cesspits and privies, often during the cover of night. Despite the unpleasant nature of their duties, gong farmers were vital for maintaining public health and preventing the spread of disease. Their work, though essential, was stigmatized, leading them to reside on the outskirts of towns. The job was labor-intensive, requiring both physical endurance and a strong constitution to handle the noxious conditions.

<< Previous

NEXT >>

3. Rat Catcher

In a time when cities teemed with pests, the rat catcher emerged as an unsung hero, tasked with controlling the rat population. These individuals were crucial in preventing the spread of diseases, notably the Black Plague, which was infamously transmitted by fleas on rats. Rat catchers employed various methods, from traps to poisons, to rid urban areas of these vermin. Their work was perilous, often placing them in close contact with the very diseases they sought to curb. Despite the hazards, their efforts were indispensable in maintaining public health during medieval times.

<< Previous

NEXT >>

4. Scribe

Before the advent of the printing press, the scribe played an indispensable role in the preservation of knowledge. These skilled individuals meticulously copied manuscripts, religious texts, and important documents by hand, ensuring that information was passed down through generations. Working in dimly lit scriptoria, scribes dedicated countless hours to their craft, often adding beautiful illuminations to their work. Their efforts were critical in an era when books were rare and valuable commodities. Despite the labor-intensive nature of their job, scribes were highly respected for their contributions to education and cultural preservation.

<< Previous

NEXT >>

5. Alchemist

Enveloped in mystery and intrigue, the alchemist was a figure of both science and magic during the Middle Ages. These practitioners sought to transform base metals into gold, pursuing the legendary philosopher’s stone. Beyond material wealth, alchemists aimed to discover the elusive elixir of life, granting immortality. Their experiments laid the groundwork for modern chemistry, blending mystical beliefs with empirical observation. While many alchemists operated in secrecy, fearing accusations of sorcery, their pursuit of knowledge contributed significantly to the scientific advancements that followed. Their enigmatic work continues to captivate imaginations even today.

<< Previous

NEXT >>

6. Treadmill Operator

In an era before mechanized engines, the treadmill operator served as a crucial source of power for construction and industry. These workers, often referred to as “human engines,” operated by walking inside large wheels that rotated to power cranes, hoists, and other machinery. This physically demanding role required immense strength and endurance, as operators would tirelessly tread for hours to lift heavy loads and facilitate building projects. Despite the exhausting nature of the job, treadmill operators were vital to the construction of cathedrals, castles, and other monumental structures that defined the medieval landscape.

<< Previous

NEXT >>

7. Fuller

The fuller played an essential role in the medieval textile industry, responsible for cleaning and thickening woolen cloth. This process, known as fulling, involved trampling the fabric in a concoction of water and special clay called fuller’s earth. This mixture helped to remove oils and impurities from the wool, while also compacting the fibers to create a denser, more durable fabric. Fullers often worked in fulling mills, where the rhythmic pounding of cloth was a familiar sound. Despite the physically taxing nature of their work, fullers contributed significantly to the production of high-quality textiles that were essential to everyday life.

<< Previous

NEXT >>

8. Plague Doctor

In the shadow of the Black Plague, the plague doctor emerged as a haunting figure of hope and fear. Recognizable by their distinctive beaked masks, these doctors were tasked with treating victims of the devastating epidemic. The mask’s beak was filled with aromatic substances, believed to purify the air and protect the wearer from miasmas, which were thought to spread the disease. Plague doctors attempted various treatments, from bloodletting to herbal remedies, though their success was limited. Despite the grim reality of their work, they provided a semblance of care and hope in a time of widespread despair.

<< Previous

NEXT >>

9. Whipping Boy

Within royal and noble households, the whipping boy occupied a unique and unenviable position. This young boy was educated alongside a prince or noble child and was punished on their behalf when they misbehaved. The concept was based on the belief that a prince, being of royal blood, could not be physically disciplined. Instead, the whipping boy bore the brunt of punishment, hoping that the emotional bond between the boys would encourage better behavior from the noble child. Though unconventional, this disciplinary method highlights the complex social hierarchies of the medieval aristocracy.

<< Previous

NEXT >>

10. Sin Eater

The sin eater was a solitary figure who performed a unique and somber ritual at funerals. Hired to consume a ceremonial meal placed on the chest of the deceased, the sin eater symbolically absorbed the sins of the dead, ensuring their soul’s passage to heaven. This practice, steeped in folklore and superstition, provided comfort to grieving families by purifying the departed’s spirit. Despite the spiritual significance of their role, sin eaters were often marginalized, as their occupation was seen as both necessary and taboo. Their presence underscored the medieval struggle with sin and salvation.

<< Previous

NEXT >>

11. Jester

In the courts of medieval royalty, the jester was a vibrant and essential entertainer. Tasked with bringing humor, music, and acrobatics to the noble audience, jesters infused joy into the solemnity of court life. Uniquely, they possessed the rare privilege to speak freely, often using wit and satire to comment on courtly affairs. This freedom allowed them to convey truths and criticisms under the guise of humor, making them both entertainers and subtle influencers. Despite their playful exterior, jesters held a respected position, contributing to the cultural and social tapestry of their time.

<< Previous

NEXT >>

12. Barber Surgeon

The barber-surgeon was a versatile figure in medieval society, skillfully blending the roles of grooming and medicine. While known for cutting hair and shaving beards, these professionals also performed surgeries, tooth extractions, and bloodletting. Recognizable by their iconic red and white barber poles, representing blood and bandages, barber-surgeons were often the first point of contact for medical treatment. Despite limited formal training, they played a crucial role in healthcare, especially in rural areas where physicians were scarce. Their multifaceted role highlights the practical necessities of medieval life, where one profession often served many needs.

<< Previous

NEXT >>

13. Ale Conner

In the bustling taverns and markets of medieval towns, the ale conner held a role both enviable and essential. Tasked with the responsibility of ensuring the quality and flavor of beer and ale, these individuals safeguarded the public from subpar or adulterated beverages. Armed with a discerning palate, ale conners sampled brews to certify their proper fermentation and taste, maintaining local standards. Their role not only protected consumers but also upheld the reputation of brewers and taverns. In an era when ale was a staple of daily life, the ale conner was a guardian of both health and enjoyment.

.article-content-img img { width: 100% }

<< Previous